Machine Learning
Science in the age of AI
An illustrated feature on proofs, proteins, scientific discovery and the tests that turn an AI output into knowledge.
99Science / The archive
Category: Mathematics
Browse articles on biology, physics, space, technology and the environment.
Mathematics
Category Theory and the Unification of Abstract Structures
Category theory offers a useful framework for understanding the abstract properties of mathematical structures. By examining categories, which consist of objects and arrows…
Mathematics
Exploring Topology: Origins, Theories, Applications, Challenges, and Prospects
Delving into the Properties of Objects that Remain Unchanged Under Transformation.
Mathematics
Noncommutative algebraic topology
Picture the spaces you know from everyday life: a grid of points or continuous lines. These are commutative spaces. These spaces include spheres,…